Chancellor: Angela Merkel (2005)
Land region: 135,236 sq.Mi (350,261 sq.Km); total area: 137,846 sq.Mi (357,021 squarekm)
Population (2014 est.): 80,996,685 (growth fee: –zero.18%); delivery rate: eight.42/one thousand; little one mortality price: three.46/one thousand; lifestyles expectancy: 80.44
Capital and biggest metropolis (2011 est.): Berlin (capital seeing that Oct. 3, 1990), 3.462
Other big cities: Hamburg, 1.796 million; Munich, 1.364; Cologne, 1.006 million
Monetary unit: Euro (formerly Deutsche mark).
Geography.
Located in relevant Europe, Germany is made of the North German Plain, the Central German Uplands (Mittelgebirge), and the Southern German Highlands. The Bavarian plateau in the southwest averages 1,six hundred toes (488 m) above sea stage, but it reaches nine,721 toes (2,962 m) inside the Zugspitze Mountains, the very best factor inside the country. Germany's fundamental rivers are the Danube, the Elbe, the Oder, the Weser, and the Rhine. Germany is about the dimensions of Montana.
Government
Federal republic.
History
The Celts are believed to have been the primary inhabitants of Germany. They had been observed through German tribes on the end of the second century B.C. German invasions destroyed the declining Roman Empire in the 4th and fifth centuries A.D. One of the tribes, the Franks, attained supremacy in western Europe underneath Charlemagne, who became topped Holy Roman Emperor in 800. By the Treaty of Verdun (843), Charlemagne's lands east of the Rhine were ceded to the German Prince Louis. Additional territory obtained by means of the Treaty of Mersen (870) gave Germany approximately the place it maintained throughout the Middle Ages. For numerous centuries after Otto the Great become crowned king in 936, German rulers have been also commonly heads of the Holy Roman Empire.
By the 14th century, the Holy Roman Empire turned into little greater than a unfastened federation of the German princes who elected the Holy Roman Emperor. In 1438, Albert of Hapsburg became emperor, and for the following several centuries the Hapsburg line dominated the Holy Roman Empire till its decline in 1806. Relations between country and church had been changed by the Reformation, which began with Martin Luther's ninety five theses, and came to a head in 1547, when Charles V scattered the forces of the Protestant League at Mühlberg. The Counter-Reformation accompanied. A dispute over the succession to the Bohemian throne brought at the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), which devastated Germany and left the empire divided into hundreds of small principalities clearly impartial of the emperor.
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